The compact city is one that: presents a structure and urban fabric of a certain compactness, is socially cohesive, generates spaces of sociability, creates a territory with proximity to services, promotes the meeting of activities and allows the development of life in community. This city is recognizable above all in the Mediterranean culture, its historical evolution has allowed to create a common culture, giving rise to spaces, cities and towns beautiful, creative and functional. This model of compact city has been altered in the last decade, since the expansion of the city has been carried out occupying territory in a disseminated manner, which creates a new diffuse and inefficient city, functionally separating its uses and segregating the population in the territory on the basis of its economic capacity. The process undertaken is, each time, more unsustainable and the repercussions on ecosystems increase to the extent that the generalization of the diffuse city model does so.

The environmental impacts of golf courses are very diverse: consumption of territory, urbanization of the rural and natural environment, loss of biological connectors between natural spaces, contamination of aquifers, disfigurement of the landscape, human pressure due to increased traffic, noise, light pollution night, etc.

IMPACT ON VEGETATION
IMPACT ON FAUNA
EFFECTS ON THE HYDROLOGICAL BALANCES
IMPACT ON THE QUALITY OF WATERS
IMPACT ON THE QUALITY OF THE ATMOSPHERE
SOIL EROSION
IMPACT ON SOIL MICROORGANISMS
IMPACT ON THE LANDSCAPE

Pyrophytes or pyrophylls are plant species, which, like their etymology says, like fire. They like fire basically because they are able to withstand a fire. This is an advantage in places and climates where fires are recurrent, since the species that do not support these fires die and leave that niche, that space, for species "resistant" to fire. In addition, the species that survive this disturbance will have at their disposal, as a general rule, a large amount of nutrients from their own ashes and other burned organic remains.
Some species have characteristics that make them able to withstand low virulent fires without dying. These characteristics may not be specific to withstand the fire directly, but it does help them. I expose three of the most common:

Leaves with plenty of water. For example: species of the genus Aloe

Growth buds protected with different strategies.

Crusts with great thickness of suber. The suber is a plant tissue of dead cells that covers and protects woody plants, especially trees. If this suber is abundant (crusts are thick and porous) the interior of the tree is more isolated from the fire. For example: the cork oaks (Quercus suber) and some species of the genus Pinus present this type of passive resistance.

Thaumetopoea pityocampa, like all lepidoptera, has a holometabolic development, with stages of embryo (egg), larva (caterpillar), pupa and imago (adult / butterfly).

Adult individuals in the form of butterflies mate in summer. They have exclusively nocturnal habits, so they largely avoid predation by daybirds. Their brownish color makes them confused with the environment in which they live and they become invisible to their predators. They leave the ground at sunset and climb on grass or small branches. Later the females are located by the males and mate at nightfall.

The female lays her eggs the same night of the mating, on the tops of the trees, or where they consider more appropriate forming very characteristic spikes in a spiral around one or two needles. Each laying can have between 100 and 300 eggs that the female protects by placing scales of their own body. Between 30 and 40 days after 2 larvae are born (usually in the months of September-October). They will pass through five larval stages that in cold zones can last up to eight or nine months.

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